The framework is a key element of the building roof because it is presented as its framework. For this, it is important to choose the right material with which it is built. This article will help you choose the right roofing material for you, taking into account the architectural regulations in force in your area and the rules of urban planning.
Wooden frame
The species to be used for a wooden frame should be chosen according to the nature of the work:
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- For the large parts of the framework, you have the choice between poplar, Scots pine, elm, maritime pine, Douglas fir, spruce, and oak.
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- For the rafters and joists, you can use oak, poplar, fir, or chestnut.
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- For the pegs, choose ash, oak, or Acacia.
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- For the slats, choose birch, fir, and poplar.
Furthermore, it must be avoided if the wood has cracks along its length, knots, or bark over 1/5th of the section. Indeed, this can compromise the strength of your frame, especially if it is used for the beam carrying the punch and the crossbeams. Also, choose the wood that has been dried for two years because, after this period, the wood is difficult to work on. Be aware that wood framing requires special maintenance. The use of a specialist in frame maintenance is, therefore, essential.
Metal framing
In addition to single-family homes, metal framing is ideal for agricultural and industrial buildings, garages, and garden sheds. It is a flexible material that can be formed into many shapes. It is also easy to maintain, as you don’t need to worry about treating fungus, insects, or weathering. In addition, the fact that metal joists are stronger means that the roofing project is more complex. Indeed, the openings will be more important while the number of load-bearing walls and the weight of all the roofing elements are reduced. Moreover, this requires particular beams:
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- U-beams of the UPE or UPN type;
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- I-beams type IPE, according to European standards;
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- H-beams.
Furthermore, the use of S235 or S275 rolled steel is strongly recommended to avoid any risk of deformation.
Concrete frame
Not yet common in the United States, concrete framing is suitable for all roof configurations. Prefabricated in a factory, it is composed of the following:
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- IV beams or IC beams to support the purlins
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- Square or rectangular posts from 2 to 15 m high
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- T-panel to support the future steel roofing
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- Rectangular beams are to be combined with the floor or the pavement.
In addition, it is ideal for flat roofs so that terraces can have a solid surface that can be developed. Defined as the roofing material par excellence, concrete lasts for years. Unlike wood, it is less expensive, more fire resistant, and can be installed quickly. You can choose between 3 types of concrete for the realization of the framework:
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- Pre-stressed concrete, which can effectively absorb the tension exerted by the structure
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- Reinforced concrete, which is to be preferred for renovation
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- Lightweight concrete, which has high-performance acoustic and thermal insulation.
Truss frame
In the construction market, the truss frame represents 70% of the frames used. It was first conceived in the 1970s with the expansion of real estate. It is the flagship model of industrial framing. This type of structure is made up of crossbeams, entrant, and light punch, assembled by metal connectors. This contributes to the reduction of the time of lifting and installation and facilitates the implementation. The presence of trusses distinguishes this type of frame, as rafters receive the roofing battens directly. However, the intervention of a roofer is useful to ensure the quality of the work.
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